35: Japan attacks the US Naval Fleet at Pearl Harbor sinking four battleships, destroying 188 aircrafts and killing 2,403 ft. Villanova University History Professor, Mary M. Birle Chair in American History & Co-Author of Unconditional, Dr. Marc Gallicchio.  
 
 
34: The Adams and Jefferson factions diverge to form America's first two political parties: the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.

 
33: The Battle of Saratoga: In widely recognized turning point of the Revolutionary War, British General John Burgoyne surrenders to American forces.

 
32: The Wright Flyer built and flown by Orville and Wilbur Wright is flown for the first time in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina ft. Museum Specialist for the Wright Brothers Collection at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Tom Paone.  
 
 
31: The Supreme Court decides the Dred Scott v. Sanford case ruling that Blacks are not citizens and slaves have no standing to sue for freedom. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

35-31: America Takes to the Skies

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40: The Compromise of 1790 begins the establishment of Washington, D.C., as the new nation's capital and allows the federal government to assume states' debts.
 
 
39: RMS Titanic sinks after hitting an iceberg killing roughly 1,500 people. ft. Dr. Steven Biel, Executive Director of the Mahindra Humanities Center, Senior Lecturer on History and Literature at Harvard University, and author of Down with the Old Canoe: A Cultural History of the Titanic.
 
 
38: President Garfield is shot by Charles J. Guiteau in Washington, D.C. He suffers for two months before dying of the wound and subsequent infection.
 
 
37: The Compromise of 1877 gives the Presidency to Rutherford B. Hayes in exchange to the end of Reconstruction in the South ft. Joshua Dubbert, historian at the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, and Birchard M. Taylor, great-great-grandson of President Rutherford B. Hayes and trustee of both the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums and the Society of Presidential Descendants.
 
 
36: The March on Washington takes place, with a crowd of 250,000 watching Martin Luther King Jr. deliver his "I Have a Dream" speech.Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

40-36: The Sinking of the Titanic & A Dream in D.C.

45: Dust storms in the Midwest destroy agriculture and ecology kicking off the start of The Dust Bowl ft. Professor Emeritus of History at Purdue University & author and editor of over 20 books including The Dust Bowl: An Agricultural and Social History,  R. Douglas Hurt. 
 
 
44: The Supreme Court establishes the "separate but equal" doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson. 
 
 
43: The Berlin Wall falls. Two years later, in 1991, The Cold War officially ends after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. 
 
 
42: War of 1812 - British forces enter Washington, D.C., burning the White House and the U.S. Capitol building ft. Retired History Professor from Wayne State College, considered the dean of 1812 historians and author of The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict, Dr. Donald R. Hickey.  
 
 
41: Anarchist Leon Czolgosz assassinates President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York.Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

45-41: Burning the Nation’s Capital

50: President Eisenhower signs the Federal Aid Highway Act establishing the Interstate Highway System.
 
 
49: The Cuban Missile Crisis: Americans live in a state of fear as Soviet nuclear weapons are installed in Cuba. President Kennedy & Soviet leader Khrushchev agree to a deal avoiding the conflict ft. Douglas Dillion professor at Harvard Kennedy School professor and author of Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis, Dr. Graham Allison. 
 
 
48: Ellis Island begins receiving immigrants ft. Professor of History at UMass Boston and author of American Passage: The History of Ellis Island, Dr. Vincent J. Cannato.
 
 
47: George Washington signs the Neutrality Proclamation, beginning America's first new foreign policy.46: Astronaut John Glenn becomes the first American to orbit the Earth.Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

50-46: At the Brink of Nuclear War

55: Harriet Tubman emancipates herself and begins freeing slaves via the Underground Railroad.
 
 
54: President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies of a brain hemorrhage; Vice President Harry S. Truman assumes the presidency. 
 
 
53: At the Brandenburg Gate in West Berlin, President Reagan challenges Soviet leader Gorbachev to "Tear down this wall." ft. speechwriter for Ronald Reagan, Murdoch Distinguished Policy Fellow at the Hoover Institution, host of the podcast Common Knowledge, and author of How Ronald Reagan Changed My Life, Peter M. Robinson.   
 
 
52: Eli Whitney's patent for the cotton gin is granted ft. 
curator at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History, Dr. Abeer Saha. 
 
 
51: Congress passes the Indian Removal Act.Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

55-51: Tear Down This Wall

60: The Galveston Hurricane makes landfall, killing anywhere from 6,000 to 12,000 people. It remains the deadliest natural disaster in American history.
 
 
59: Thomas Edison demonstrates incandescent lighting for the first time in Menlo Park, New Jersey.
 
 
58: War of 1812: Americans defending the key city of Baltimore mark a turning point in the war, inspiring Francis Scott Key to pen "The Star-Spangled Banner."
 
 
57: Vice President Aaron Burr kills former Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton in a duel (featuring trial and appellate lawyer David O. Stewart, author of American Emperor: Aaron Burr's Challenge to Jefferson's America).
 
 
56: The CIA locates 9/11 mastermind Osama bin Laden in Abbottabad, Pakistan, where he is later killed by Navy SEAL Team Six in a pre-dawn raid on his compound (featuring former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, Leon Panetta).Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

60-56: Hamilton vs. Burr

65: Democratic Headquarters at the Watergate Hotel is victim of a break in. The burglars are captured. The ensuing scandal would result in President Richard Nixon becoming the first U.S. President to resign from office following the Watergate Scandal. Vice President Gerald Ford is sworn in as President ft. History Professor at Chapman University Luke A. Nichter, co-author of The Nixon Tapes series, and former Nixon appointments secretary and author of The President's Man, Dwight Chapin.  
 
 
64: U.S./Soviet tensions come to a head in Berlin when Soviets begin a yearlong blockade of the German capital. America would drop in aid through the sky "The Berlin Airlift." 
 
 
63: President William Henry Harrison dies of pneumonia becoming the first president to die in office. Vice President John Tyler becomes the 10th U.S. President. 
 
 
62: Alexander Graham Bell receives a patent for his invention of the telephone ft. Associate Professor of History at Western University (Ontario, Canada) and author of The People's Network .
 
 
61: The Civil War: General Sherman's march to the sea.Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

65-61: The Watergate Scandal

70: WWI: The RMS Lusitania is sunk by a German U-boat, killing 1,198. Two years later, in 1917, the U.S. declares war on Germany (they would later declare war on Austria-Hungary) ft. Historian, Emeritus Professor of International Relations at the University of St Andrews, & Author of The First World War, Sir Hew Strachan. 
 
 69: Martin Luther King Jr. gives his "Mountaintop Speech". The next day, he is shot and killed by James Earl Ray in Memphis, TN. ft. Chair of the Center for the American Dream at the AFPI, Dr. Alveda King, & Member of the New Orleans Four & Founder of the TEP Center, Dr. Leona Tate.  
 
68: The first billion-dollar corporation, U.S. Steel, is incorporated by J.P. Morgan 
 
67: Secretary of State George Marshall outlines the Marshall Plan, a rebuilding of post-WWII Europe; it is signed by President Truman the next year 
 
66: The Mexican-American War: The Battle of the Alamo and the ensuing response led to Texas declaring independence from Mexico

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70-66: The Last Days of Martin Luther King Jr. 

75: Robert F. Kennedy is shot and killed by Sirhan Sirhan after a victory speech at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, CA 
 
76: President Andrew Johnson's attempt to dismiss Secretary of War Edwin Stanton results in his Impeachment by the House. He is acquitted by the Senate by one vote 
 
77: The Great Chicago Fire, as well as three others, displaced nearly 100k people, while the Peshtigo Fire killed 2,500, making it the deadliest fire in U.S. history 
 
78: Henry Ford's Model T is launched in Detroit, Michigan, with an initial price of $850. In 1913, the Ford Motor Company's magneto assembly line is utilized, igniting the era of mass production ft. Ford Archives & Heritage Brand Manager Ted Ryan.  
 
79: Space Shuttle Challenger explodes shortly after launch, killing everyone on board, including schoolteacher Christa McAuliffe, ft. Founding Chair of the Challenger Center Dr. June Scobee Rodgers.Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

75-71: The Challenger Disaster

80: 52 American hostages are released from Iran after 444 days in captivity ft. Fox News Contributor and Retired FBI Supervisory Special Agent James Gagliano. 
 
 
79: President Roosevelt signs the Social Security Act into law. The most impactful of the New Deal initiatives
 
 
78: President Trump is shot while campaigning at an outdoor rally in Butler, PA. The former president was grazed in his ear while an audience member was killed and two others injured. The shooter was killed at the scene ft. National Political Reporter for the Washington Examiner and author of Butler: The Untold Story of the Near Assassination of Donald Trump and the Fight for America's Heartland, Salena Zito. 
 
 
77: The House Un-American Activities Committee begins investigating communism in the film industry. Three years later in 1950 US Senator Joe McCarthy accuses the State Dept. of being filled with 205 Communists.
 
 
76: The Soviet puppet regime of East Germany begins construction of The Berlin Wall separating East and West and challenging U.S. foreign policy.Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

80-76: Assassination Attempt in Butler

85: Former President Theodore Roosevelt is shot on his way to a speech in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Not only did Roosevelt survive but he gave (an abridged version of) the speech
 
 
84: The Supreme Court decides in Roe v. Wade that states could no longer ban abortions
 
 
83: The Supreme Court rules that the Constitution does not confer a right to abortion this decision overrules 1973's Roe v Wade and 1992's Planned Parenthood v Casey. The issue of abortion is returned to the states ft. Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Chicago and co-author of Roe v. Dobbs: The Past, Present, and Future of a Constitutional Right to Abortion, Geoffrey R. Stone. 

 
82: The U.S. begins work on the Panama Canal
 
 
81: Vietnam War: Viet Cong forces launch the Tet Offensive, though a tactical defeat for the Vietcong forces, it is successful in driving US public opinion against the war ft. Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, Washington Post Columnist, and NYT Bestselling Author of Reagan: His Life and Legend, Max Boot. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

85-81: Roe v. Wade Overturned

90: The infant son of aviator Charles Lindbergh is kidnapped and later found murdered
 
 
89: Korean War: North Korean forces invade South Korea, America sends troops to intervene ft. President of Geopolitics and Foreign Policy at CSIS, Georgetown University Professor, & author of China's Weaponization of Trade . 
 
 
88: Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat to a white person in Montgomery, AL
 
 
87: The Washington Monument is completed 36 years after construction began ft. Business and economic historian, American Heritage contributing editor, & author of Washington's Monument: And the Men Who Built It, John Steele Gordon. 
 
 
86: John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard OilLearn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

90-86: The Forgotten War

95: German airship The Hindenburg bursts into flames while mooring in Lakehurst, New Jersey killing 35
 
 
94: President Reagan is shot by John Hinckley Jr - Reagan would survive the attempt along with two others that were injured in the attack ft. Emeritus Professor of National Security Affairs at the United States Naval War College, Dr. Stephen F. Knott. 
 
 
93: War in Afghanistan: The US and a vast coalition of allies invade Afghanistan to depose the Taliban regime and capture Osama bin Laden
 
 
92: President Roosevelt addresses the nation in the first of his "Fireside Chats" ft. Professor of History and Judy and Peter Kovler Foundation Fellow in Roosevelt Studies at Marist University, & Senior Fellow and Resident Historian at the Roosevelt Institute, Dr. David B. Woolner. 
 
 
91: J. Edgar Hoover is appointed to run the FBILearn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

95-91: “Oh, The Humanity”

100: Jackie Robinson breaks the color barrier, becoming the first Black man to play Major League Baseball ft. President of the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum, Bob Kendrick. 
 
 
99: Zachary Taylor dies in office. Millard Fillmore becomes President
 
 
98: The USS Maine explodes off the coast of Cuba killing 266 escalating tensions that lead to the Spanish-American War ft. Walton Chair of Theodore Roosevelt Studies at Dickinson State University & Public Historian of the Theodore Roosevelt Association, Dr. Michael Patrick Cullinane. 
 
 
97: President Kennedy sets a goal of putting a man on the moon by the end of the decade
 
 
96: President Harding dies of a heart attack. Vice President Calvin Coolidge assumes the presidencyLearn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

100-96: Breaking The Color Barrier

105: Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are convicted of espionage and sentenced to death ft. Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Historical Research & author of Ethel Rosenberg: An American Tragedy, Anne Sebba.
 
 
104: Alaska is purchased by Secretary of State William Seward from Russia for $7.2M. It is lampooned as Seward's Folly
 
 
103: In a 5-4 decision the Supreme Court declares the right to same-sex marriages to be Constitutional in the United States
 
 
102: President Clinton denies "sexual relations" with 22-year-old intern Monica Lewinsky. The President would later admit that he "did indeed" have a relationship with the intern. Later that year President Clinton becomes the first US President since Andrew Johnson to be impeached. ft. Chief Political Correspondent for the Washington Examiner & FOX News Contributor, Byron York.

 
 
101: After being defeated by Thomas Jefferson, John Adams becomes the first incumbent president to lose an election and peacefully transfer power to his successorLearn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

105-101: The Peaceful Transfer Of Power

110: President Johnson signs The Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law abolishing racial segregation
 
 
109: Samuel Morse demonstrates electric telegraphy for the first time. Six years later in 1844 - "What hath God wrought" Samuel Morse sends his first telegraph message from Washington to Baltimore ft. Curator of Electricity Collections at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, Hal Wallace. 
 
 
108: Rev. Martin Luther King Jr pens his Letter from Birmingham Jail ft. Chair of the Center for the American Dream at the America First Policy Institute, Dr. Alveda King. 
 
 
107: Vietnam War: Two US destroyers come under fire in the Gulf of Tonkin. President Johnson expands the war effort based upon this incident.
 
 
106: The New York Stock Exchange nosedives nearly taking out the American economy. It is given a reprieve by a group of investors led by J.P. Morgan who pool $25M to invest.
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110-106: What Hath God Wrought

115: Andrew Carnegie consolidates all of his business under one umbrella with the Carnegie Steel Company
 
 
114: President Roosevelt signs an executive order directing the internment of Japanese Americans
 
 
113: President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time in Geneva, Switzerland ft. Executive Vice President & Provost at UT Austin and Author of The Peacemaker: Ronald Reagan, the Cold War, and the World on the Brink, Dr. William Inboden. 
  
 
112: U.S. Military Academy at West Point opens
 
 
111: Operation Desert Storm: United States forces repel Iraq from Kuwaiti territory ft. Former White House Press Secretary (serving under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush) Marlin Fitzwater. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

115-111: Operation Desert Storm

120: Homegrown terrorists Timothy McVeigh and accomplice Terry Nichols set of a bomb at the Alfred P Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, OK killing 168 people including 19 children 
 
119: James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill setting off the California Gold Rush ft. Elizabeth MacMillan Director of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History, Anthea Hartig.  
 
118: Construction on the Hoover Dam is completed 
 
117: Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Women's Suffrage Association in New York. Three years later in 1872, Susan B. Anthony votes for the first time in defiance of law. She is arrested and fine $100 dollars - which she never pays ft. Professor of History at Carnegie Mellon University & author of the prize-winning book, The Myth of Seneca Falls: Memory and the Women's Suffrage Movement, Dr. Lisa Tretault.  
 
116: The Teapot Dome land scandal cripples the Harding AdministrationLearn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

120-116: The Right To Vote

125: Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer is killed by Native American forces led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse at the Battle of Little Bighorn ft. Author of Vengeance: The Last Stands of Custer, Crazy Horse, and Sitting Bull, Tom Clavin.    
 
124: President Lincoln signs the National Banking Act into law establishing plan for a national currency backed by securities
 
123: The United States military and a coalition of allies invades Iraq to disarm the country of weapons of mass destruction they believed Iraq to possess.
 
122: President Nixon is the first US president to visit the People's Republic of China
 
121: The Statue of Liberty is dedicated in New York Harbor ft. Professor of History and Director of the NYU Institute of French Studies, Edward Berenson. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

125-121: Lady Liberty

130: The 18th Amendment authorizing Prohibition is passed. Prohibition would be repealed in 1933 with the passage of the 21st Amendment 
 
129: Gangland: A shootout between policemen led by Texas Ranger Frank Hamer and Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow end in the deaths of the bank robbers. Gangster and Public Enemy No. 1 John Dillinger is killed by FBI agents outside the Biograph Theater in Chicago. Bank robber Charles Arthur "Pretty Boy" Floyd is shot and killed by FBI agents in East Liverpool, Ohio. A shootout between FBI agents and George "Baby Face" Nelson ends with the death of Nelson and FBI Special Agent Samuel P. Cowley 
ft. Author of Texas Ranger: The Epic Life of Frank Hamer, the Man Who Killed Bonnie and Clyde, John Boessenecker. 
 
128: Tulsa Race Massacre: A mob attacks Black owned businesses in Tulsa, Oklahoma killing between 100-300, destroying 1,250 homes and imprisoning 6,000 African Americans 
 
127: The US begins a final drawdown of forces in Afghanistan. In the chaotic withdrawal 13 American service members are killed in a terror attack carried out by ISIS-K $7B in military equipment is captured by the Taliban ft. FOX News Chief Foreign Correspondent Trey Yingst.  
 
126: Alan Shepard becomes the first American in spaceLearn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a>

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